These include everyday products with industrial, agricultural, and urban applications, such as agrochemicals, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum hydrocarbons, and a wide variety of industrial pollutants. The discharge into the environment of toxic chemical substances produced by man has generated great concern due to the risk it implies for human health and the environment, constituting land-based sources of marine pollution. Especially in coastal systems where fishing resources and recreational activities are of vital importance for local and regional economic development.Īdditionally, during the last decades the phenomena of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have taken on an important connotation on the Argentine coasts due to the temporal-spatial increase, in relation to climate change and its effects on health and economic damages related mainly to fishing resources, the exploitation of bivalves and tourism. These changes can alter ecosystems and the ecosystem services that these organisms provide, putting the food security and livelihoods of millions of people at risk. The acidification of the oceans produced by the alteration of the carbonate system and the decrease in the pH of the environment, as a consequence of the use of fossil fuels, has important consequences on different organisms, many of them with calcareous structures -clams, mussels, scallops, corals, crabs, sea urchins, among others.
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